modal auxiliary

1.    May

1)   Polite request

may ^[1] we will get more value in each distribution of dividends?

2)   Formal permission

the sale of assets which although they may ^[2] generate profits do not generate enough  profits to justify their presence  in the company.

2.    Might

1)   Less than 50% certainly

that might ^[1] just be the essence of its greatness and usefulness.

2)   Polite request (rare)

the sale of assets which although they might ^[2] generate profits do not generate enough  profits to justify their presence  in the company.

3.    Should

1)   Advisability

They should ^[1] learn to navigate in the ocean ​​competitive capital markets, or they will be replaced by a more capable manager.

2)   90% certainly

It is important to point out that both the Total Resources and the Own Rosources under consideration should ^[2] be those that the company had at the start of the year in question.

4.    Ought to

1)   Advisability

Shareholders ought to ^[2] consider before investing several requirements

2)   90% certainly

They ought to ^[1] learn to navigate in the ocean ​​competitive capital markets, or they will be replaced by a more capable manager.

5.    Had better

1)   Advisability with threat of bad result

You had better ^[1]  use new methods such as EVA method to convince potential investors to play with your company. Or they will run and look for a new game with another company.

6.    Be supposed to

1)   Expectation

The Conservative government continues to maintain that it didn’t know it was supposed to ^[1] tell the public the full costs of the F-35 purchase

7.    Be to

1.    Strong expectation

It is important to point out that both the Total Resources and the Own Resources under consideration are to be ^[1] that the company had at the start of the year in question.

8.    Must

1)  Strong necessity

"You must ^[1] invest in profitable projects, divest from projects with a low profitability, and in any case you should try to reduce your financing costs".

2)   Prohibition (negative)

Where as if your funds will soon be used (under 1 year), you must not ^[2] force yourself to buygold.

9.    Have to

1)   Necessity

we have to ^[1] more accurate information on the number of eligible evacuees.

2)   Lack of necessity (negative)

we don’t have to ^[2] use more accurate information on the number of eligible evacuees.

10. Have got to

1)   Necessity

that all costs have got to ^[1] be included, including operating costs, including personnel, as the Auditor-General had recommended.

11. Will

1)   100% certainly

Thus, we will ^[1] consider the Equivalent Depreciation to be the sum of the Equivalent Depreciation of the various investments carried out, while considering in each case the individually corresponding time horizon.

2)   Willingness

I will ^[2] invest in profitable projects, divest from projects with a low profitability.

12. Be going to

1)   100% certainly

The individual Equivalent Depreciation be going to ^[1] the amount  which  discounted   in   the corresponding number of years and at the corresponding discount rate equals the outlay of each investment.

2)   Definite plan

At the time of calculating the breakeven points we are going to ^[2] use the Accumulated Equivalent   Depreciation which corresponds to the investments carried out up to that date.

13. Can

1)   Ability/possibility

the  value drivers and the main types of decisions which can ^[1] be taken in the firm.

2)   Impossibility (negative only)

The  problem,  in  our  opinion,  arises  from  the  fact  that  can't ^[4] use other approach in standard who exists to compare the EVA of each period in order to be able to infer if the firm is performing adequately.

14. Could

1)   Part ability

we  demonstrated   how  the  breakeven   point  analysis   could ^[3]  be transferred to the analysis of what we call the  Net Present Value breakeven point.

1)   Less than 50% certainly

When  we  were  developing  EVA  in  section  I,  we  indicated  how  this measure could ^[4] be used  to analyze the various alternatives a company has to create value.

15. Be able to

1)   Ability

I will be able to ^[1] hardly see how with conditions of austerity and with a recession how we can enter into a new cycle of the economy.

16. Would

1)   Polite request

Would ^[1] you like to invest in profitable projects, divest from projects with a low profitability, and in any case you should try to reduce your financing costs?

2)   Preference

we would ^[2] be obtaining the same discounted results, but with an annual control measure. In this sense, we recommend the work of Shrieves and Wachowicz.

17.   Used to

1.      Repeated action in past

Thus, if EVA is used to ^[1]  as a criteria for evaluating the performance of the firm and its management team, these executives and any interested analyst may find it useful to know the level of activity or amount of production which is needed in each period to obtain a zero EVA.

18.  Shall

1.      Polite question to make a suggestion

Shall ^[1] we note that NOPAT would be an adequate measure of value generation if the depreciation of fixed assets equals the Equivalent Depreciation ?

2.    Future with ‘I’ or ‘we’ as subject

EVA also includes the financial cost of the resources but, as we shall ^[2]  see later, i t does so in a different way.

If clause conditional sentences

Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

Conditional Sentence Type 1

It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

 Conditional Sentences Type I.

1.    If andi and ina have a party they will prepare the salad

Fact it is possible they will hold a party to night, so they will prepare the salad

2.    If Rita forgets her homework, the teacher will give her a low mark.

Fact : it is possible that rita know her teacher is fierce

3.    Jane will hover the sitting room if Aaron come to her house

Fact : it is possible that aaron will come to jane’s house.

4.    If anita have more time Anita will clean the toilet.

Fact : anita have much time today, so she will clean toilet

5.    Elaine will buy the drinks if somebody helps her carry the bottles.

Fact : it is possible that somebody carry her bottles.

6.    if he have much gasoline he will visit to bandung

Fact  : it is possible that he have much gasoline

7.    If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

Fact : I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will find it.

8.    If John has the money, he will buy a Alphard.

Fact : I know John very well and I know that he earns a lot of money and that he loves automotive . So I think it is very likely that sooner or later he will have the money to buy a Alphard.

.                                                                              

Conditional Sentence Type 2

 It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Use

Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

Fact : I’m not find her adress, so I will not send the invitation

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I would send her an invitation if I found her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Past und Conditional I on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.

Were instead of Was

In IF Clauses Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.

Example: If I were you, I would not do this.

.

Conditional Sentences Type II.

1.    If I played the lottery, I would have a chance to hit the jackpot.

Fact : I don’t like play lottery, so I wouldn’t get the jackpot

2.    If I ate the mango in the morning, I would be stomached

Fact : I don’t eat mango in the morning so I’m not stomache.

3.    If I were you, I should go home immediately

Fact : I’m not you, so I mustn’t go home immediately

4.    Julie would buy a lonely island, if she found a miracle one.

Fact : Julie is impossible buy a island

5.    If Julie owned a lonely island, I would build a huge house by the beach.

Fact : it is impossible that Julie haven’t a island

6.    I would pick my friends up in my yacht if they wanted to spend their holidays on my island.

Fact : I don’t have a yacht so I don’t pick up to their holiday

7.    If they told their father, he would be very angry. 

Fact : they aren’t tell to their father, so he isn’t angry

8.    If he had more time, he would learn karate

Fact : I don’t have more time, so I don’t learn karate

Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Use

Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.

Form

if + Past Perfect, main clause with Conditional II

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Past Perfect and Conditional II on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Sometime in the past, I wanted to send an invitation to a friend. I didn't find her address, however. So in the end I didn't send her an invitation.

Example: If bill had had the money, he would have bought a Alphard.

I knew bill very well and I know that he never had much money, but he loved automotive. He would have loved to own a Alphard, but he never had the money to buy one.

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.

1.    If they hadn’t went to home, they would have found the rain

Fact : they went to home immediately, so they aren’t find a rain

2.    If the forwards had run faster, they would have scored more goals.

Fact : The forwards hadn’t run faster, so they didn’t more goals

3.    It would have broken if you had not caught it.

Fact : you can caught it, so it is didn’t broken

4.    If the goalie had jumped up, he would have caught the ball.

Fact : he didn’t jumped up, so he couldn’t catch the ball

5.    If the referee had seen the foul, he would have awarded a penalty kick to our team.

Fact : the referee have seen the foul, so he will award the penalty

6.    It would have been better if you had wait

Fact : you have wait so you will have better

Tulisan Ilmiah Populer

Bahaya Pewarna Pakaian Pada makanan

“ini neng ada kue cucur, cakep banget dah warnanya, merah nyala tuh. . . .” seorang ibu-ibu menawarkan kue cucur ke tetangganya. Sebelumnya pagi tadi ibu-ibu itu membeli ‘sepuhan’ biasa orang menyebut pewarna pakaian. Bukan salah lagi sepuhan tadi digunakan untuk membuat kue cucur, karena setelah ditanyakan ‘untuk apa sepuhan itu?’, ibu-ibu tadi menyebut untuk membuat kue cucur.

Hal ini ironis namun sudah terbiasa dikalangan masyarakat awam. ‘yang penting tampilannya bagus’. Begitulah komentar mereka yang menggunakan pewarna pakaian untuk makanan. Padahal zat yang terkandung di dalam pewarna tersebut, sangatlah berbahaya. Zat kimia pembentuk warna tekstil dapat mengendap karena sulit dicerna oleh tubuh. Sehingga jika dikonsumsi dalam jangka waktu lama, akan memberatkan proses kerja hati. Dengan kata lain menurunkan fungsi hati hingga menyebabkan kanker.

Awamnya masyarakat terhadap bahaya pewarna tekstil menjadi salah satu factor nomor satu dalam penggunaannya. Bagi para pedagang nakal, pewarna tekstil dipilih karena harga yang jauh lebih murah dan hasilnya lebih kuat atau lebih menarik dalam segi tampilannya. Sudah sering sosialisasi di gembar-gemborkan untuk menekan penggunaan pewarna tekstil pada makanan, namun kesadaran para pemakai yang masih kurang ditanggapi dengan baik.

Padahal  ramuan tradisional sudah sangat popular digunakan dari zaman dahulu. Seperti kunyit, daun ketapang atau yang lainnya. Namun tetap saja orang-orang enggan menggunakannya dengan alasan ‘repot mengolahnya’.

Sebagai manusia yang telah mengerti dan sadar akan bahaya pewarna tekstil untuk dimakan, sudah sepantasnya kita menjauhkan diri dari penyebab penyakit seperti disebutkan tadi. Mengingatkan kepada sesama serta terus melanjutkan pola hidup sehat. Mulai dari hal kecil seperti makanan yang kita makan setiap hari.

Kerangka Karangan ( tempe bongkrek )

Kerangka karangan

I.            Pengertian tempe bongkrek

I.i                  Asal tempe bongkrek

I.ii                Bahan Utama tempe bongkrek

II.          Alasan berbahaya-nya tempe bongkrek

II.i    Bakteri pembentuk bakteri bongkrek

II.ii   Efek samping bakteri bongkrek

II.iii  Alasan orang sering mengkonsumsi tempe bongkrek

III.       Langkah sosialisasi kepada warga

III.i      Mengumumkan bahaya bakteri bongkrek

III.ii  Adanya hasil uji laboratorium tentang bakteri bongkrek

III.iii  Kesepakatan mencari makanan pengganti tempe bongkrek

Ironi Ibu Kota

Sepertinya, bayangan untuk dapat menikmati kota nyaman dan indah akan semakin menjadi bayangan saja. Masih jauh dari kenyataan akan perwujudannya. Volume kendaraan makin hari semakin banyak saja. Terutama kendaraan roda 2. Bukan saja factor biaya yang menjanjikan untuk memanjakan penggunanya. Namun harus kita lihat mengapa mereka cenderung memilih salah satu alat transportasi ini.

Orang tidak akan mencari pilihan yang mereka anggap sulit. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari tidak hanya 1 ataupun 2 permasalahan yang mereka kejar untuk mereka selesaikan. Contohnya, rozi berangkat kerja di bilangan cawang. Rozi harus dihadapi pilihan untuk naik angkutan umum ( kereta atau angkutan perkotaan ) dan naik kendaraan pribadi. Dahulu, ia masih merasa agak nyaman naik kereta listrik, namun saat ini ia mengakui kalau pelayanan perkereta apian kian jauh dari harapan. Penumpang sekarang makin nekat dan makin tidak mengindahkan kepentingan orang lain, apalagi kepentingan keselamatannya sendiri. Kebijakan dengan mengadakan kereta ekonoi AC (commuterline) dirasa kurang tepat, “itu hanya naik harga doank, kadang-kadang AC nya mati Cuma kipas angin saja yang nyala” ujar Rozi. Pilihan untuk naik angkutan perkotaan juga dirasa tidak memungkinkan, disamping waktu tempuh lebih lama, resikonya juga lebih tinggi. Terutama kejahatan seperti pencopetan sampai penodongan. Hal ini pernah ia alami sendiri di angkutan umum, alhasil 1 unit handphone raib di copet. Belum lagi angkutannya terkadang tidak layak yang terkadang membuat penumpang sangat tidak nyaman.

Akhirnya rozi memilih kendaraan pribadi sepeda motor. “bisa selap selip, kalau bawa mobil bisa dua kali lipat waktu tempuhnya”.  Ternyata yang berfikiran seperti itu tidak hanya rozi, jutaan warga Jakarta dan sekitarnya memiliki fikiran yang sama dalam hal transportasi. Saat ini kendaraan roda dua pun ‘menyemut’ disetiap ruas jalan. Lalu lintas makin kacau disebaban banyaknya pengguna motor yang sangat tidak disiplin.

Mungkin pemerintah harus kompak dalam mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk menuntaskan permasalahan ini. Ya, walaupun tidak terlalu tuntas nantinya namun intinya harus ada jalan keluar bagi setiap permasalahan yang dihadapi. Seperti, pejabat KAI menerapkan system perjalanan yang lebih simple dan menambah armada gerbong kereta, meregenerasi kereta yang berusia lebih dari 15 tahun untuk meminimalisir resiko ‘mogok’ yang dapat mengganggu perjalanan kereta api lainnya.

Hal ini akan mendukung program pemangkasan subsidi pemerintah yang hulunya akan mengurangi beban APBN. Pemerintah kota bertugas untuk menyediakan layanan angkutan umum yang lebih layak dan memisahkan pengguna sepeda motor dengan mobil disetiap ruas jalan protocol atau jalan utama. Mungkin ini hanya sebuah konsep yang bersifat fiktif. Namun apabila fiktif di fikirkan matang-matang maka tidak mustahil dapat terwujud sebagai kenyataan.